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Fuzzy matching, or fuzzy string matching, is a technique used to compare strings or textual data to determine their similarity, even when they are not identical. It is especially useful in cases where exact matches are unlikely due to typographical errors, variations in formatting, or differences in representation.

Hamming Distance

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The Hamming Distance is a measure of the difference between two strings of equal length. It is defined as the number of positions at which the corresponding characters in the two strings differ.

Formula

Given two strings s1s1​ and s2s2​ of equal length nn:

$$ \text{Hamming Distance}=∑_{i=1}^n[s_1[i]≠s_2[i]] $$

Where:

• $s_1[i]≠s_2[i]$ contributes $1$ if the characters differ, and $0$ otherwise.